elias+kharoufeh+-+Moldova







Elias Kharoufeh10/A GEOGRAPHY WORLD PROJECT

__ INTRODUCTION :__ **Moldova is a landlocked country in Europe. It is found in between Romania to the west and Ukraine** **to the north, east and south. Moldova emerged as an independent republic in 1991 following the breakdown of the USSR. Moldova is 33,840 kilometer squared with a population of 3,656,843 people.** **Most of its territory lies between the areas of two main rivers, the Dniester and the Prut. Moldova's climate is mostly continental, summers are warm and long, and winters are relatively mild and dry. **

__POPULATION **:**__ **3,656,843( July 2012 est.)**  **Moldova decreased its population from 4 million to 3.6 million due to many wars in the 1800. Moldova is gaining great health care from the United States of America, which helps the country increase its population, in a very slow pace.**  __BIRTH RATE: __ **12.5 Births/ 1000 of population**  **The average birth rate is about 1.5 children per woman. Moldova’s birth rate is ranked 157 in comparison to the rest of the world countries. Even though it has increased since last year, this is still a very low birth rate if we compare it to the rest of the other countries. One of the reasons for this low birth rate is Moldova’s communist past. In communism there is a strong control over birth rates. This is why birth rates in previously communist countries are low and tend to increase. Another reason for low birth rates is the lack of health care. Spending in health care has decreased potentially since Moldova's separation from USSR. This may be other of the factors for having a low birth rate.** __DEATH RATE: __ **12.62 Deaths/ 1000 of population** 
 * Moldova’s death rate has significantly increased over the last year and it is ranked 25 in comparison to the rest of the world countries. The main causes of death in Moldova are: coronary heart diseases, stroke, diseases of the circulatory system, cancer, diseases of the digestive system, smoking, and alcohol consumption:**
 * **57.6% of male mortality and 62.3% of female mortality in 2010 were related to smoking;**
 * **18.8% of male mortality and 13.7% of female mortality were related to alcohol**
 * **38.11% of death causes are due to Coronary Heart Diseases**
 * **17.32% of death causes are due to Stroke**
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">8.26% of death causes are due to Liver Diseases **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"> __<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">NET MIGRATION RATE: __ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">**-10.02 Migrants/ 1000 of population** **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The net migration rate shows a negative quantity since Moldova is the poorest country in Europe. It has few jobs and a bad economy. The people living in the country try to obtain a better life so that is why emigration is bigger than immigration in Moldova. **

__ INFANT MORTALITY RATE: __
 * 13.65 Deaths/ 1000 of population**


 * Moldova used to have one of the most extensive health care** **delivery networks in the world. The economic crisis led to major cuts in government expenditures on health care and health standards deteriorated rapidly. Between 1998 and 2000, the Ministry of Health reduced the many health care places and hospitals, and due to this the death rates increased significantly.**

__ POPULATION GROWTH RATE: __
 * -1.014 % (2012 estimate)**
 * Since there are many diseases in Moldova, for example cancer and many other infectious diseases in the digestive system, it increases the death rate. Because of this Moldova is experiencing high economic crisis, the net migration rate is negative due to many emigration, so this is why the population is decreasing instead of increasing.**

__ LIFE EXPECTANCY: __
 * Total population: 69. 51 years**
 * Male: 65.64**
 * Female: 73.63**


 * One of the many reasons why Moldova has high life expectancy for their current situation is because of its soil. Moldova's soil is fertile, and they do not use as many chemicals in their** **products as other countries, so they have a healthy way of living. Another reason may be because most of its territory lies between two major rivers. The Dniester River is the major source of clean water for the people in Moldova, due to its sanitation and cleanness; this contributes in a positive way for the life expectancy.**

__ DOUBLING TIME: __
 * -69.033 years**
 * Since the doubling time is a negative integer, then it is not applicable to this situation, because there cannot be a negative doubling time.**

__ DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL: __
 * It is in stage 4; one of the reasons is because it has more death rates than birth rates. Another reason is because it has a negative population growth rate.**

__ LESS ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRY: __
 * Moldova is L.E.D.C because it is the poorest country in Europe, and its standards of living are low. Mostly, because it depends on its agriculture, such as wheat, corn, tobacco, and sugar beet. Even though is the poorest country in Europe, its economy is still better than many countries like Honduras, Haiti, Chad, and many more.**

__ POPULATION ISSUES: __
 * The biggest issue in Moldova regarding diseases is the Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Incidents of Tuberculosis have been doubled since 1900 reaching currently 182 per 100,000 of the population. Another problem is the use of excessive alcohol drinks in the ages of 15-19 years old.**



__ REFERENCES ; __ http://cdn3.chartsbin.com/chartimages/l_3385_150e6f59e87c3a99d7d1b94a1fb46e7b http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/country-health-profile/moldova http://data.worldbank.org/country/moldova https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos//md.html http://www.indexmundi.com/moldova/area.html http://www.euro.who.int/en/where-we-work/member-states/republic-of-moldova/facts-and-figures